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Turkish is simply different from western european languages.

) First thing is the vowel harmony that is unknown to english speakers.
) Putting words into a different order when making sentences.
) Vocabulary is mostly unrelated to western languages.

The easy points are “despite all differences” if you once adjust the rules Turkish is so logical.

) Nouns do not have masculine or feminine genders to remember.
) The rules rarely change. But there are a few exceptions.
) If you know the endings you don’t have to know all the vocabulary.

WHAT IS ENDING ?

Let’s make an example

Gelebileceksin à gel – ebil – ecek – sin

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ “Come” “be able to” “will” “you”

Geleceksin à gel – ecek – sin

¯ ¯ ¯
“come” “will” “you”

As you see in the example the structure is completely different from english. You form a simple statement with a base and endings in a single word and this is called AGGLUTINATE. Turkish is an aglutinating language. This is binding words with endings

While we are aglutinating, most of the endings harmonise with the base word. For example : the ending “-le” means “with”

Kitap – la > kitapla = with the book

¯ ¯
Book with

Ev – le > evle = with the book

¯ ¯
Book with

Here is the ending “-la” is in the same usage with ending “-le” and this is called the
THE VOWEL HARMONY that you will learn by practicing and listening by the time.

HOW WILL I PUT THE WORDS IN RIGHT ORDER ?

Let’s make an example

The woman went home à The woman home went.

Kadın gitti eve Kadın eve gitti.

Here we got a simple rule. The subject is always in the beginning and the verb is always at the end. Mostly in every sentence we speak, the last word we speak is the verb.

HOW WILL I BUILD VOCABULARY WITH ENDINGS

a. ) Gazete = Newspaper

Gazete – ci à Gazeteci = Journalist

b. ) Deniz = Sea

Denizci = Sailor - ci

c. ) Kitap = Book

Kitapçı = Book Seller ( Store ) -çı

Above you can see the vowel harmony.

        Unfortunately, you don’t have to listen at the same time. You have to pay attention to
        understand the words.

                                                                                                             Serpil Aksahin – Cansu Çaykara

English	Turkish	Pronunciation
Yes	Evet	ehveht
No	Hayir	hahyir
Please	Lutfen	lewtfehn
Thank you (very)	(Cok) Tesekkur ederim	tehshehkk'ewr ehdehreem
That's all right	Birsey degil	beershey dehg'eel
Hello	Merhaba	mehrhhahbah
Where	Nerede	nehrehdeh
When	Ne zaman	neh zahmahn
What	Ne	neh
How	Nasil	nahssil
How much	Ne kadar	neh kahdar
How many	Kac tane	kahch tahneh
What's this called	Bunun adi ne	boonoon ahdi neh
Do you speak English	Ingilizce biliyor musunuz?	eeng'eeleezjeh beeleeyor moossoonooz
I understand	Anliyorum	ahnliyoroom
I don't understand	Anlamiyorum	ahnlahmiyoroom
I'd like	... istiyorum	... eesteeyoroom
I'm hungry	Aciktim	ahjiktim
I'm thirsty	Susadim	soossahdim
Big/small	buyuk/kucuk	bewyewk'/k'ewchewk'
Cheap/expensive	ucuz/pahali	oojooz/pahhahli
Beautiful/ugly	Guzel/cirkin	g'ewzehi/cheerk'een
I go	Ben (I) gidiyorum

1	bir	6	alti	10	on	20	yirmi	70	yetmis
2	iki	7	yedi	11	on bir	30	otuz	80	seksen
3	uch	8	sekiz	12	on iki	40	kirk	90	doksan
4	dort	9	dokuz	13	on uch	50	elli	100	yuz
5	besh			14	on dort	60	altmis	1000	bin

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